sea ice that has survived at least one summer's melt

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• Measurement of sea ice — Annual growth and retreat of the polar ice packs from SeaWiFS images Measurement of sea ice is important for safety of navigation and for monitoring the environment, particularly the climate. Record keeping of direct observations began over a… …   Wikipedia

• World of A Song of Ice and Fire — Westeros and across the narrow sea A Song of Ice and Fire location Creator George R. R. Martin Genre Novel Type Fantasy world …   Wikipedia

• Polar ice packs — [ NOAA Projected Arctic changes] Polar ice packs are large areas of pack ice formed from seawater in the Earth s polar regions, known as polar ice caps: the Arctic ice pack (or Arctic ice cap) of the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic ice pack of the …   Wikipedia

• Little Ice Age — The reconstructed depth of the Little Ice Age varies between different studies (anomalies shown are from the 1950–80 reference period). The Little Ice Age (LIA) was a period of cooling that occurred after the Medieval Warm Period (Medieval… …   Wikipedia

• Earth Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Geology and Geochemistry       The theme of the 33rd International Geological Congress, which was held in Norway in August 2008, was “Earth System Science: Foundation for Sustainable Development.” It was attended by nearly… …   Universalium

• literature — /lit euhr euh cheuhr, choor , li treuh /, n. 1. writings in which expression and form, in connection with ideas of permanent and universal interest, are characteristic or essential features, as poetry, novels, history, biography, and essays. 2.… …   Universalium

• Russia — /rush euh/, n. 1. Also called Russian Empire. Russian, Rossiya. a former empire in E Europe and N and W Asia: overthrown by the Russian Revolution 1917. Cap.: St. Petersburg (1703 1917). 2. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 3. See Russian… …   Universalium

• glacier — glaciered, adj. /glay sheuhr/, n. an extended mass of ice formed from snow falling and accumulating over the years and moving very slowly, either descending from high mountains, as in valley glaciers, or moving outward from centers of… …   Universalium

• Arctic shrinkage — in 2007 from 2005 and also from 1979 2000 average] Arctic shrinkage is the marked decrease in Arctic sea ice and the observed melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet in recent years. Computer models predict that the sea ice area will continue to… …   Wikipedia

• Everest, Mount — Tibetan Chomolungma Nepali Sagarmatha Peak on the crest of the Himalayas, southern Asia. The highest point on Earth, with a summit at 29,035 ft (8,850 m), it lies on the border between Nepal and Tibet (China). Numerous attempts to climb Everest… …   Universalium

• Antarctica — /ant ahrk ti keuh, ahr ti /, n. the continent surrounding the South Pole: almost entirely covered by an ice sheet. ab. 5,000,000 sq. mi. (12,950,000 sq. km). Also called Antarctic Continent. * * * Antarctica Introduction Antarctica Background:… …   Universalium